雞形目 Galliformes

雞形目 Galliformes，來自拉丁文的 gallus (公雞) 和拉丁文的 -fōrmis (形狀)，意思是「雞形狀」，說明這些動物形狀像雞及跟雞有關係。Galliformes, Latin gallus (“rooster, cock, male chicken”) and Latin -fōrmis (“-shaped”), means “chicken-shaped”, in reference to the fact that these animals are all chicken-shaped and chicken-related.

種的俗名 Common names of members

雞、鵪鶉、鷓鴣、野雞、火雞、孔雀、松雞、齒鶉、珠雞、冠雉、大鳳冠雉、眼斑冢雉、叢塚雉。

Chicken, quail, partridges, pheasants, turkeys, peafowl, grouse, New World quail, guinea fowl, chachalacas, curassows, malleefowl and brush-turkeys.

分佈 Distribution

廣泛分佈於亞北極、溫帶和熱帶地區。不存在於南極洲和一些海洋島嶼上。

Widely distributed in subarctic, temperate, and tropical regions. Absent only in Antarctica and some oceanic islands.

體型 Size

高度由15厘米至最高120厘米。

Their sizes range from small, measuring 15 cm, to rather larger, up to 120 cm tall.

形態 Morphology

牠們身體是比較圓的，翅膀比較鈍的。狹窄而圓形的翅膀使牠們能夠可以短距離飛行；主要是陸生鳥類，有四趾腳。

They have rounder bodies and blunt wings as their characteristics. The narrow, rounded wings allow them to fly short distances; they are primarily terrestrial birds, with four-toed feet.

生態及棲息地 Ecology & Habitat

牠們是陸生或樹棲動物，許多物種寧可步行或跑步而不飛行。牠們分佈在世界各地的各種環境，例如草原、樹林和沙漠。為了鬥爭、求愛或溝通，牠們用聲音和視覺展示 (例如野雞)。

They are terrestrial, or arboreal, animals, and many of them would rather walk or run than fly. They are found all over the world in a range of environments, such as grasslands, woods, and deserts. For territoriality, fighting, courting, and communication, they employ vocalizations and visual displays (e.g. pheasants).

食性 Diet

草食性到輕微雜食性的，以各種植物和動物為食，包括水果、種子、葉子、樹枝、花朵、根、蜥蜴、蛇、小型囓齒動物、昆蟲、蝸牛、蠕蟲和塊莖。

Herbivorous to slightly omnivorous, they feed on a variety of plant and animal material, which may include fruits, seeds, leaves, branches, blooms, roots, lizards, snakes, tiny rodents, insects, snails, worms, and tubers.

繁殖 Reproduction

牠們有各種各樣的交配習性；有些是一夫多妻制或多夫多妻制，而有些則是一夫一妻制。廣泛羽毛視覺展示是雄性求偶行為的一部分。牠們在樹上或地上築巢，每年孵化三到十六蛋，取決於繁殖的季節和氣候。

They have a variety of mating habits; some are polygyny or polygynandrous, while others are monogamous. Extensive visual displays of plumage are a part of male courtship behavior. They build nests in trees or on the ground, and they hatch three to sixteen eggs a year, depending on the season and climate where they breed.