鸚形目 Psittaciformes

鸚形目 Psittaciformes，來自拉丁文的 psittacus (鸚鵡) 和拉丁文的 -fōrmis (形狀)，說明這些動物全部都是鸚鵡。

Parrots, macaws, conures, lorikeets, eclectus, Amazon parrots, grey parrots, budgerigars, cockatoos, keas, New Zealand kākās, kākāpōs.

種的俗名 Common names of members

鸚鵡、金剛鸚鵡、錐尾鸚鵡、澳大利亞小鸚鵡 (吸蜜鸚鵡)、折衷鸚鵡、亞馬遜鸚鵡、非洲灰鸚鵡、虎皮鸚鵡、鳳頭鸚鵡 (葵花鸚鵡)、啄羊鸚鵡、卡卡啄羊鸚鵡、鴞鸚鵡。

Parrots, macaws, conures, lorikeets, eclectus, Amazon parrots, grey parrots, budgerigars, cockatoos, keas, New Zealand kākās, kākāpōs.

分佈 Distribution

新熱帶地區、撒哈拉以南非洲、南亞和東亞以及大洋洲。

Neotropics, Sub-Saharan Africa, Southern and Southeastern Asia and Oceania.

體型 Size

體型範圍從8厘米長10克重，到1米長4公斤重。

They vary in size from less than 10 g in weight and 8 cm in length to 4.0 kg in weight and 1 m in length.

形態 Morphology

牠們的喙很大、彎曲且有力。上顎骨明顯，逐漸變尖，向下彎曲，並且可以獨力移動，因為不與頭骨相連。下顎較短，有一個朝上的切割刃，以砧狀的移動壓在上顎骨的平坦部分上。眼睛位於頭骨的側面，位置較高，頭部較大。牠們可以攀爬和擺動，要歸功於牠們強大的對趾足，就是有兩個前趾和兩個後趾，以及牠們的鋒利細長的爪子。綠色是牠們主要羽毛顏色，但大部分物種都有少了的紅色或其他顏色。

Their bill is large, curved, and powerful. The upper mandible is pronounced, tapers to a tip, and bends downward. It can move independently because it is not connected to the skull. The lower jaw is shorter and has a cutting edge that faces upward and presses on the upper mandible's flat portion in an anvil-like motion. The eyes are lateral and high in the skull, and the head is big. They can climb and swing thanks to their powerful zygodactyl feet, which have two front and two back toes and sharp, elongated claws. Though most species have some red or another color in small amounts, green is their primary plumage color.

生態及棲息地 Ecology & Habitat

主要在熱帶森林、季風森林、稀樹草原、沼澤和乾旱地區。一些特定的物種棲息在高山氣候的山區。

Mainly tropical forests, monsoon forests, savannas, swamps and arid regions. Some specific species inhabit mountainous regions with an alpine climate.

食性 Diet

牠們食物包括種子、水果、花蜜、花粉、花蕾，有時還包括節肢動物和其他動物。

Their diet consists of seeds, fruit, nectar, pollen, buds, and sometimes arthropods and other animal prey.

繁殖 Reproduction

主要營巢於樹洞種。有些物種喙添加樹葉、稻草、草等，作為築巢材料。一般來說，較大的物種每年只照顧一個後代，而較小的物種每半年最多可產下6–8個卵。實行一夫一妻制，雄性和雌性都會餵養幼鳥。

Mainly nest in tree holes. Some species will add leaves, straws, grass, etc., as nest material. In general, larger species only take care of 1 offspring per year, while smaller species can lay up to 6- 8 eggs per half year. They are monogamous. Both male and female feed the young.