源自古希臘文 ἀπόκριτος（apokritos，「分離、選擇」）。

From Ancient Greek ἀπόκριτος (apokritos, “separated, chosen”).

種的俗名 Common names of members

黃蜂、蜜蜂和螞蟻

Wasps, bees, and ants

分佈 Distribution

除了南極洲之外的各大洲 

Every continent except Antarctica

形態描述 Morphology

它們有一條黃蜂腰 (葉柄)，是第一和第二腹節之間的狹縫

第一腹節與胸部融合在一起

幼蟲無腿和沒有視覺

They have a wasp-waist (petiole) which is a constriction between the first and second abdominal segments

The first abdominal segment is fused to the thorax

Legless and blind larvae

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生態與棲息地 Habitat & Ecology

地下、岩石下、樹上或土壤中（螞蟻）；有開花植物的地方（蜜蜂）；中空的樹木、岩石縫隙或人工建築（黃蜂）。

Underground, under rocks, on trees, or in the soil (ants); areas with flowering plants (bees); hollow trees, rock crevices, or manmade structures (wasps)

食性 Diet 樹葉、種子、小昆蟲、花蜜、花粉和蜜露

Leaves, seeds, small insects, nectar, pollen, and honeydew

小知識 Fun Fact

大多數螞蟻都是雌性的，蟻群由蟻后和工蟻組成。雄性螞蟻只用於交配，交配後就會死亡；蜜蜂每秒可拍動翅膀約 230 次，產生嗡嗡的聲音；胡蜂自己造紙，牠們會將植物物質與唾液混合，然後吐出灰色的紙質材料來築巢。

Most ants you see are female, the colonies are composed by the queen and workers. Male ants are only used for mating and die afterward. Bees can flap their wings up to around 230 times a second, which creates a buzzing sound. Paper wasps make their own paper, they mix plant matter with their saliva and spit out a grey papery material to build their nest with.

已知的物種 Total species known

50,671

博物館收藏的物種 Species in the collection

49

在香港已知的物種 Species in Hong Kong

715

Reference

• Apocrita. (2021). Yourdictionary.com. https://www.yourdictionary.com/apocrita

• Timothy Gibb, Chapter 4 - Insect Identification Techniques, Editor(s): Timothy Gibb, Contemporary Insect Diagnostics, Academic Press, 2015, Pages 67-151, ISBN 9780124046238, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-404623-8.00004-1. ‌

• David V Alford, Chapter 1 - Introduction, Editor(s): David V Alford, Pests of Ornamental Trees, Shrubs and Flowers (Second Edition), Academic Press, 2012, Pages 9-19, ISBN 9780123985156, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-398515-6.50001-X.

• Lindauer, M. (1999, July 26). Hymenoptera | Definition, Bee, Ant, Wasp, Characteristics, Families, Life Cycle, Classification, & Facts. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/animal/hymenopteran/Features-of-immature-stages ‌

• Walter R. Terra, Clélia Ferreira, Chapter 74 - Digestive System, Editor(s): Vincent H. Resh, Ring T. Cardé, Encyclopedia of Insects (Second Edition), Academic Press, 2009, Pages 273-281, ISBN 9780123741448, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-374144-8.00083-7.

• Giehr, J., Senninger, L., Ruhland, K. et al. Ant workers produce males in queenless parts of multi-nest colonies. Sci Rep 10, 2152 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58830-w

• Bee Flight | Ask A Biologist. (2017). Asu.edu. https://askabiologist.asu.edu/how-do-bees-fly ‌

• How. (2022, June 27). Featherfolio. Featherfolio. https://www.featherfolio.com/blog/how-to-use-wasp-paper-to-make-your-own

• ITIS - Report: Apocrita. (2024). Itis.gov. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=152864#null

• Siu, C., & Lau, K. (n.d.). CHECKLIST OF INSECTS OF HONG KONG. https://www.afcd.gov.hk/english/quarantine/qua_plants/files/Checklist.pdf

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