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膜翅目 Hymenoptera

膜翅目 Hymenoptera

膜翅目 (Hymenoptera) 的目名源自希臘文 (hymen = 膜；pteron = 翅膀)，指四個膜狀的翅膀。

The order name Hymenoptera is derived from Greek (hymen means membrane; pteron means wing) and refers to the four membranous wings. 


種的俗名 Common names of members

鋸蜓、黃蜂、蜜蜂和螞蟻

Sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants


分佈 Distribution  

除南極洲外的各大洲，尤其是熱帶和亞熱帶地區

Every continent except Antarctica, especially in tropical and subtropical regions


形態描述 Morphology

兩對翅膀

發達的下顎用於咀嚼或長的探針

長觸角

後翅上有鉤狀的剛毛，可將前翅和後翅固定在一起

Two pairs of wings 

Well developed mandibles for chewing or a long proboscis 

Long antennae 

They have hamuli which are hook-like bristles on the hindwings that hold forewing and hindwing together


生態與棲息地 Habitat & Ecology

在土壤、垃圾或植被當中

In soil, litter or on vegetation


食性 Diet

以花、葉或莖為食；有些是捕食性的，蜜蜂則以花蜜和花粉為食

Feeds on flowers, leaves, or stems; some are predatory, and bees feed on nectar and pollen


小知識 Fun Fact

雌性由受精卵發育而成，而雄性則由未受精卵發育而成。蜂后在與雄蜂交配完成時，可以將雄蜂的精子保存在體內很多年，在此後很多年產卵時，牠都可以選擇出受精卵或未受精卵，受精卵會發育為蜂王或工蜂，而未受精卵則能夠發育成雄峰。牠們可以調節後代的性別比例。

Females develop from fertilized eggs, while males develop from unfertilized eggs. When the queen bee completes mating with the drone bee, she can keep the drone's sperm in her body for many years. When she lays eggs many years later, she can choose between fertilized eggs or unfertilized eggs. The fertilized eggs will develop into queen bees or worker bees, while unfertilized eggs will develop into drone bees. They regulate the sex ratio of offspring since females can control whether or not to fertilize an egg.



已知的物種 Total species known

150,000

博物館收藏的物種 Species in the collection

9835

在香港已知的物種 Species in Hong Kong

730


Reference

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