廣翅目是昆蟲的一個目。牠們包含了桤木蜓、多臂蜓和魚蜓，目前已知的品種約有 300 種。此目名稱來自古希臘文，由 mega- (μέγα-) 「大」 + pteryx (πτέρυξ) 「翅膀」 組成。Megaloptera is an order of insects. It contains the alderflies, dobsonflies and fishflies, and there are about 300 known species. The order's name comes from Ancient Greek, from mega- (μέγα-) "large" + pteryx (πτέρυξ) "wing"

種的俗名 Common names of members

桤木蜓、多臂蜓和魚蜓

Alderflies, dobsonflies, and fishflies

分佈 Distribution   除了南極洲之外，各大洲都有，溫帶地區的種類最多

Every continent except Antarctica and most diverse in temperate regions

形態描述 Morphology

大複眼

長的前胸 (「頸」)

前翅比後翅大

後翅基部寬闊

Large compound eyes

Long pronotum (“neck”)

Forewings are larger than hindwings

Hindwing basal area is broad

生態與棲息地 Habitat & Ecology

幼蟲生活在不同的水棲地，包括溪流、河流、湖泊、池塘和沼澤，而其他階段則是陸生的，並靠近水棲地。

Larvae live in diverse aquatic habitats including streams, rivers, lakes, ponds, and swamps while other stages are terrestrial and stay close to aquatic habitats

食性 Diet

幼蟲捕食各種小型水生動物，如昆蟲、蛤蜊、蠕蟲和甲殼類動物，而成蟲則以花蜜或植物汁液為食。有些成蟲可能完全不進食。

Larvae consume various small aquatic animals like insects, clams, worms, and crustaceans while adults feed on flower nectar or plant sap. Some adults may not feed at all.

小知識 Fun Fact

有些品種具有醫療價值。由於廣翅目的幼蟲活性高，在鉤上的壽命長，更容易吸引魚類，因此漁民通常會選擇廣翅目的幼蟲作為活魚誘餌。

Some species have medical value. The larvae of Megaloptera are often preferred as live bait by fishermen due to their high activity and long life on a hook, making them more likely to attract fish.

已知的物種 Total species known

53

博物館收藏的物種 Species in the collection

7

在香港已知的物種 Species in Hong Kong

9

Reference

• Merriam-Webster Dictionary. (2024). Merriam-Webster.com. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Megaloptera ‌

• and, A. (2014). EcoSpark. EcoSpark. https://www.ecospark.ca/alderfly#:~:text=Megaloptera%20larvae%20live%20in%20diverse,under%20stones%20or%20in%20crevices.

• Hoell, H. V.; Doyen, J. T. & Purcell, A. H. (1998). Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 441–443. ISBN 0-19-510033-6. ‌

• Brian, E. (2000). A quick key to the adults of the major Orders of the major Orders of Insects

• Bedfordshire Cambridgeshire and northamptonshire wildlife trust. https://www.wildlifebcn.org/sites/default/files/2018-06/Insect_order_key1unill_v1.1%202000.pdf

• Siu, C., & Lau, K. (n.d.). CHECKLIST OF INSECTS OF HONG KONG. https://www.afcd.gov.hk/english/quarantine/qua_plants/files/Checklist.pdf

• ITIS - Report: Megaloptera. (2024). Itis.gov. https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=115000#null

  ‌