直翅目(Orthoptera)源自希臘語“ortho”，意為「直的」，以及“ptera”，意為「翅膀」，這指的是前翅（鞘翅）的平行結構。

Orthoptera, derived from the Greek “ortho” meaning straight and “ptera” meaning wing, refers to the parallel-sided structure of the front wings (tegmina). 

種的俗名 Common names of members

蚱蜢、蝗蟲和蟋蟀

Grasshoppers, locusts, and crickets

分佈 Distribution

除了南極洲外，分布於每個大洲。

Every continent except Antarctica

形態描述 Morphology

圓柱形的身體

後腿細長，肌肉適合跳躍

大型復眼

觸角有多個關節

翅膀或腿上有一系列波紋狀的凸起

Cylindrical body

Elongated hindlegs and musculature adapted for jumping

Large compound eyes

Antennae with multiple joints

Wings or legs containing rows of corrugated bumps

生態與棲息地 Habitat & Ecology

陸地棲息地，如岩石裂縫、地下洞穴、洞穴、樹梢和山峰。

Terrestrial habitats such as rock crevices, subterranean burrows, caves, treetops, peaks

食性 Diet

植物

Plant material

小知識 Fun Face

不同的直翅目昆蟲有不同的特定適應性。蝗蟲在白天活躍，顏色與草和花的顏色相似（綠色、黃色、粉紅色）。蟋蟀通常是夜行性的，身體顏色較深。螽斯通常棲息在葉子上，經常呈綠色，翅膀看起來像有葉脈或棕色斑點的葉子。

Different orthopterans have different specific adaptations. Grasshoppers are active during the day, their color is similar to the color of grass and flowers (green, yellow, pink). Crickets are usually nocturnal and their bodies are darker in color. Katydids are usually found on leaves and are often green and have wings that look like leaves with veins or brown spots.

已知的物種 Total species known

20,000

博物館收藏的物種 Species in the collection

386

在香港已知的物種 Species in Hong Kong

58

Reference

• 物種資料庫 Species Database. (2024). 香港生物多樣性資料庫 HKBIS. http://www.nature.edu.hk/species_database/species/orthoptera

• Crickets of Kentucky - University of Kentucky Entomology. (2024). Uky.edu. https://www.uky.edu/Ag/CritterFiles/casefile/insects/crickets/crickets.htm

• ‌Hoell, H.V., Doyen, J.T. & Purcell, A.H. (1998). Introduction to Insect Biology and Diversity, 2nd ed. Oxford University Press. pp. 392–394. ISBN 978-0-19-510033-4.

•  "Orthoptera - Grasshoppers, Locusts, Crickets, Katydids". Discover Life. Retrieved 2017-09-06.

• Rogers, K. (1999, May 27). Katydid | Description, Insect, Facts, & Sound. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/animal/long-horned-grasshopper

• Valverde, J. P., & Holger Schielzeth. (2015). What triggers colour change? Effects of background colour and temperature on the development of an alpine grasshopper. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-015-0419-9