真盲缺目 Eulipotyphla

Eulipotyphla 源自希腊语 εὖ（eû,"好的,真正的"）、希腊语 λῐ́πος（lípos,"动物脂肪"）和希腊语 τῠφλός（tuphlós,"盲人"）,意为 "真正的肥胖和盲人",指的是这些动物一般都很圆,视力很差.

Eulipotyphla, from Greek εὖ (eû, “good, true”), Greek λῐ́πος (lípos, “animal fat”) and Greek τῠφλός (tuphlós, “blind”), means “truly fat and blind”, in reference to the fact that these animals are generally round and have poor vision.

種的俗名 Common names of members

刺猬, 鼠蝟亞科, 刺豚鼠, 麝香鼠, 鼹鼠, 鼩鼱鼹鼠和鼩鼱.

Hedgehogs, gymnures, agoutas, desmans, moles, shrew-moles and shrews.

分佈 Distribution

除极地和澳大利亚外的所有大陆.

All continents except polar regions and Australia.

體型 Size

牠们的体型很小,长度从 4.5 公分到 30 公分不等.

Their sizes range in small proportions, from 4.5 cm to 30 cm in length.

形態描述 Morphology

牠们呈圆形或鼠形,被毛从光滑到多刺不等,毛色也从棕色到灰色不等.牠们的鼻子又尖又长,眼睛很小.牠们要么耳朵很小,要么甚至没有耳朵.

Round or rat-shaped, their coat can vary from smooth to spiny and the coloration of the fur can also vary from brown to gray. They have a long, pointed nose and small eyes. They either have small ears or even do not have ears.

生態及棲息地 Ecology & Habitat

牠们生活在森林和草原的底部,有些生活在水域附近（麝香鼠）或地下（鼹鼠）.

Bottom of forests, grasslands, and some live near aquatic areas (desmans) or in the underground (moles).

食性 Diet

一般来说,作为杂食性动物,牠们觅食水果、种子、昆虫、坚果、蠕虫、其他小型无脊椎动物,以及落叶层和茂密植被中的各种其他食物,如鸟蛋和腐肉.不过,也有专门的肉食动物,牠们吃蚯蚓、昆虫幼虫,偶尔也吃蛞蝓（鼹鼠）或水生无脊椎动物,如虾、水生昆虫幼虫和蜗牛（麝香鼠）.

In general, as omnivorous, they forage for fruits, seeds, insects, nuts, worms, other small invertebrates, and a variety of other foods in leaf litter and dense vegetation, such as bird eggs and carrions. However there are specialized carnivores that eat earthworms, insect larvae, and occasionally slugs (moles) or aquatic invertebrates such as shrimps, aquatic insect larvae, and snails (desmans).

繁殖 Reproduction

雌性通常用草和树叶在岩石下、地下、隧道内等隐蔽处筑巢.雄性很少进行育儿护理.雌性会消耗比平时多 3 倍的食物,为幼崽生产营养丰富、脂肪含量高的乳汁.喝了乳汁,幼崽生长迅速,因此哺乳期很短（不超过 3 个月）.

Females usually use grass and leaves to build nests in hidden locations such as under rocks, underground, inside tunnels. Males carry out little parenting care. Females will consume 3 times more food than usual to produce nutritious milk with high fat content for their babies. Drinking the milk, offsprings grow rapidly and so the nursing period is short (no longer than 3 months).