Hipposideridae 源于希腊语ἵππος（híppos,"马"）和希腊语σῐ́δηρος（sídēros,"铁,铁器"）,意为 "马蹄形",指的是该科成员的吻部呈马蹄形.

Hipposideridae, from Greek ἵππος (híppos, “horse”) and Greek σῐ́δηρος (sídēros, “iron, iron tool”), means “horseshoe”, in reference to the fact that the snout of the members of this family have a horseshoe appearance.

種的俗名 Common names of members

旧世界叶鼻蝠、马蹄蝠、三叉鼻蝠、圆叶蝠.

Old World leaf-nosed bats, horseshoe bats, trident-nosed bats, roundleaf bats.

分佈 Distribution

分布于非洲、亚洲和澳大利亚的热带和亚热带地区,以及新几内亚和所罗门群岛.

Found in the Neotropics, Afrotropics, southern Asia, Australia and South Pacific islands.

體型 Size

牠们的体长为 3 至 11 公分,体重为 3 至 110 克.

They reach a body length of 3 to 11 cm and a weight of 3 to 110 grams

形態描述 Morphology

牠们的主要特征是鼻子的形状.鼻叶由前面的马蹄形突起和后面的垂直叶片组成,很多种类的鼻叶分为三片,形似三叉戟.这种结构与大多数通过鼻子发出超声波的蝙蝠一样,用于发出或放大回声定位所需的超声波.在许多物种中,雄性蹄蝠的鼻叶后面有一个囊状腺体,能分泌蜡状分泌物.被毛颜色从橘红色到棕色和灰黑色不等；在某些物种中,雌雄的被毛颜色或鼻叶形状存在差异.

They are mainly characterized by the shape of their snout. The nasal leaf consists of a horseshoe-shaped protuberance in front and a vertical leaf behind it, which in many species is divided into three and resembles a trident. This structure, like most bats that emit ultrasonic calls through their noses, is used to emit or amplify ultrasonic sounds needed for echolocation. In many species, males have a sac-shaped gland behind the nasal leaf that secretes a waxy secretion. The coat color varies from reddish-orange to brown and grayish black; in some species the sexes differ in terms of coat color or nose leaf shape.

生態及棲息地 Habitat & Ecology