狐猴科 (Lemuridae),源自拉丁文 lemurēs（「死者的靈魂」）,指的是纖細的狐猴 (原名 Lemur tardigradus,由 Carl Linnaeus 於 1754 年命名),因為牠會在夜間活動且動作緩慢.

Lemuridae, from Latin lemurēs (“spirits of the dead”), in reference to the slender loris (formerly named Lemur tardigradus by Carl Linnaeus in 1754) because of its nocturnal activity and slow movements.

種的俗名 Common names of members

狐猴. Lemurs.

分佈 Distribution

馬達加斯加.

Madagascar.

體型 Size

牠們屬於中等體型,體長 32 到 56 公分 (不包括尾巴),體重 0.7 到 5 公斤.

They are medium size, with a length of 32 to 56 cm (not including the tail) and a weight of 0.7 to 5 kg.

形態描述 Morphology

牠們是樹棲性靈長類動物.牠們有各種顏色的絲質絨毛,尾巴又長又茂密.與運動型狐猴不同的是,牠們的後腿比前肢略長,但不足以妨礙四足活動.大多數的種類都非常敏捷,經常在樹木間跳躍數公尺.牠們的兩隻眼睛都看得很清楚,嗅覺也很靈敏. 

They are arboreal primates. Their silky, wooly fur comes in a variety of colors, and they have long, bushy tails. Unlike sportive lemurs, the hindlegs are marginally longer than the forelegs, but not enough to prevent full quadrupedal movement. The majority of species are incredibly nimble and frequently jump several meters between trees. They can see well with both eyes and have a keen sense of smell.

生態與棲息地 Habitat & Ecology

馬達加斯加乾燥落葉林.

Dense canopy rainforest.

食性 Diet

雖然有一些品種也是食蟲、雜食和斑蟊,但牠們主要是草食性,吃果實、樹葉,偶爾也吃花蜜.

Although there are species that are insectivorous, omnivorous, and gumnivorous as well, they are primarily herbivorous, eating fruit, leaves, and occasionally nectar.

繁殖 Reproduction 

根據品種的不同,母體在經過 120 到 140 天的妊娠期後,會生下一到兩個後代.一般而言,烏鸛是友善的動物,某些品種的烏鸛群體最多可有三十名成員.雖然群體的成員每天都不同,而且在許多情況下似乎缺乏明確的社會結構,但在其他情況下,群體是長期存在的,而且有明顯的統治階層.

Depending on the species, the mother gives birth to one or two offspring after a gestation period of 120 to 140 days. In general, they are friendly creatures, with certain species having up to thirty members in a group. While the membership of the groups vary day to day and appears to lack a defined social structure in many circumstances, in others the groups are long-lasting and have apparent dominance hierarchies.

已知的物種

Total species known

21

博物館收藏的物種

Species in the collection

1

在香港已知的物種

Species in Hong Kong

0

Reference

Cowlishaw, G., Dunbar, R. I. M. (2000). Primate Conservation Biology. University of Chicago Press.

Pough, F. H., Janis, C. M., Heiser, J. B. (2012). Vertebrate Life. Pearson.

Macdonald, D. W. (2006). The Encyclopedia of mammals. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780199206087.001.0001.

Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. Johns Hopkins University Press.

Sussman, R.W. (2003). Primate Ecology and Social Structure. Pearson Custom Publishing.

Petter, J. J. (1962). ECOLOGICAL AND BEHAVIORAL STUDIES OF MADAGASCAR LEMURS IN THE FIELD. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 102(2), 267-281. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1962.tb13645.x. 

Ganzhorn, J. U., Malcomber, S., Andrianantoanina, O., Goodman, S. M. (1996). Habitat Characteristics and Lemur Species Richness in Madagascar. Biotropica, 29(3), 331-343. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.1997.tb00434.x.