豬科 Suidae (Sub-family of Artiodactyla)

源自拉丁文 sus（"猪"）,意指该科的所有成员都是与猪有关的动物.

Suidae, from Latin sus (“hog”), in reference to the fact that all the members of this family are hog-related animals.

Suidae,

種的俗名 Common names of members

野豬,家豬.

Wild boars, domestic pigs.

分佈 Distribution

原生种分布于旧大陆：非洲、亚洲和欧洲.现已引入除南极洲以外的各大洲.

Native species distributed in the Old World, i.e. Africa, Asia, and Europe. Now introduced to all continents except Antarctica.

體型 Size

牠们属于中小型动物,体长从 58 公分到 66 公分、体重从 6 公斤到 9 公斤不等,体长从 130 公分到 210 公分、体重从 100 公斤到 275 公斤不等.

They are small to medium animals, varying in size from 58 to 66 cm in length and 6 to 9 kg in weight to 130–210 cm and 100–275 kg.

形態描述 Morphology

牠们的身体呈水桶形.通常,牠们的鼻子很长,眼睛很小.牠们的耳朵又小又尖.其中有几种拥有两颗细长的下门齿.牠们的尾巴和腿都比较短.每只脚都有四个脚趾,但牠们只用中间的两个脚趾行走,其他两个脚趾都不着地.牠们还有一个简单的胃,而不是其他大多数有蹄类家族中较为复杂的反刍胃.

They have a bucket-shaped body. Typically, they have a long snout and small eyes. They have small, pointed ears. A few of them possess two elongated lower incisors. Both their tail and legs are comparatively short. Each foot has four toes, but they only use the middle two to walk—the other two are kept off the ground. They also have a simple stomach, rather than the more complex, ruminant, stomach found in most other artiodactyl families.

生態與棲息地 Ecology & Habitat

陆地栖息地：草原、森林、沙漠等.

Terrestrial habitats: grasslands, forests, deserts, etc.

食性 Diet

牠们还有敏锐的嗅觉.许多种类是杂食性的,吃草、树叶、根、昆虫、蠕虫甚至小型脊椎动物.其他种类则更具选择性,纯粹以草食为主.

They also have an acute sense of smell. Many species are omnivorous, eating grass, leaves, roots, insects, worms, and even small vertebrates. Other species are more selective and purely herbivorous.

繁殖 Reproduction

牠们群居.牠们是偶蹄目中唯一产仔数较多（2-14 只）的家族.雌性会在分娩前筑巢.在大多数物种中,雌性主要负责照顾子女.

They live in groups. They are the only family in artiodactyla that have large litter size (2-14). Females will build a nest before giving birth. In most species females are mainly responsible for parenting care.