眼鏡猴科/跗猴科 Tarsiidae (Sub-family of Primates)

眼鏡猴科/跗猴科 (Tarsiidae),源自希臘文 τᾰρσός (tarsós, "腳的平面"),指的是該科的成員具有拉長的跗蹠骨。

Tarsiidae, from Greek τᾰρσός (tarsós, “the flat of the foot”), in reference to the fact that the members of this family have a elongated tarsus bone.

種的俗名 Common names of members

眼鏡猴.

Tarsiers.

分佈 Distribution

東南亞海域,主要分布在汶萊、印尼、馬來西亞和菲律賓。

Maritime Southeast Asia, predominantly being found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.

體型 Size

包括腳在內的後肢長度約為頭和身體的兩倍,在 10 到 15 公分之間.牠們還有一條小尾巴,長度在 20 到 25 公分之間。

The hind limbs, including the feet, are approximately twice as long as the head and body, which measure between 10 and 15 cm. They also have a little tail, measuring between 20 and 25 cm.

形態描述 Morphology

這些是擁有巨大眼睛的小動物；每隻眼球的直徑約為16毫米（0.63英寸）,在某些情況下甚至大於整個大腦.牠們的後肢也很長,主要是因為腳的距骨增大,這也賦予了這些動物的名字.牠們的脛骨和腓骨聯合並且距骨增大,使得其在跳躍和垂直攀附方面具有形態專門化.牠們的手指也更長；第三根手指的長度大約相當於上臂的長度.雖然大多數手指都被指甲覆蓋,但後腳的第二和第三根腳趾則覆蓋有與梳理相關的爪子.牠們的毛皮既絲滑又柔軟；顏色通常為米色、土黃或淡褐色。

These are little animals with gigantic eyes; the diameter of each eyeball is about 16 millimeters (0.63 in), greater than the entire brain in certain cases. They also have lengthy hind limbs, primarily because of the feet's enlarged tarsus bones, which give the animals their name. Their joined tibiofibulae and enlarged tarsi together confer morphological specialization for leaping and vertical clinging. They have longer fingers as well; the third finger is roughly the length of the upper arm. While the majority of the digits are covered in nails, the hind foot's second and third toes are covered in grooming-related claws. Their fur is silky and soft; it is typically beige, ochre, or buff in color.

生態與棲息地 Habitat & Ecology

牠們的棲息地大多數是森林,尤其是有藤本植物的森林,因為藤本植物可以提供貓鼬爬樹時的垂直支撐。

The majority of their habitats are forests, particularly those with liana because the vine provides the tarsiers with vertical support when they climb trees.

食性 Diet

雖然主要以昆蟲為食,但牠們是唯一現存的完全肉食性靈長類動物.此外,牠們會捕捉各種樹棲和小型林地生物,如蜥蜴、直翅目昆蟲、金龜子、小飛蛙,以及在罕見情況下,攀爬樹下枝條的兩棲蟹.但研究發現,節肢動物、甲蟲、蛛形綱、蟑螂、蚱蜢、蟋蟀、知了和步行棍是牠們的最愛食物.罕見地,牠們也被觀察到會捕食幼年蝙蝠、小樹蛇和幼鳥。

Though primarily insectivorous, they are the only fully carnivorous extant primates. Additionally, they pounce on a range of arboreal and small woodland creatures, such as lizards, orthopterans, scarab beetles, tiny flying frogs, and, on rare occasions, amphibious crabs that scale lower branches of trees. But it has been discovered that arthropods, beetles, arachnids, cockroaches, grasshoppers, katydids, cicadas, and walking sticks are among their favorite foods. Rarely, they have also been observed to feed on young bats, tiny tree snakes, and infant birds.

繁殖 Reproduction

在大約六個月的懷孕期間,母親會產下一隻幼仔.出生後的一天內,幼仔就能夠攀爬,眼睛睜開,並且全身有毛.到第二年結束時,牠們已經達到性成熟.有些生活在小型家庭群體中,而另一些則被認為是獨自睡覺和覓食.牠們的社會和交配系統各不相同。

During the roughly six-month gestation period, mothers give birth to a single child. Within a day of birth, newborns can climb, have open eyes, and are furry. By the end of their second year, they have reached sexual maturity. Some of them live in tiny family groups, while others are said to sleep and forage alone. Their social and mating systems are different.